Scientists from Singapore Agency for Science, Technology and Research’s (A*STAR) Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) and the National University of Singapore have developed a lightweight, flexible, and simple to make composite material capable of dissipating high impact energy.
The material is said to be soft and can conform to the shape of irregular surfaces. It is form-fitting and offers a high degree of comfort and mobility to wearers but instantly stiffens upon impact to protect the person from knocks and falls, shrapnel from explosives, or injuries from weapons such as clubs. The material can withstand high-impact loads, will not crack under repeated loading and can even float on water, said the researchers.
When tested, researchers found that the new composite material is more effective than commercially available protective foams (used in sports) of greater thickness in dissipating impact energy, while a 2cm thick version of the new material is comparable in performance to hard ceramic or steel plates when worn as a protective pad behind ballistic vests to reduce blunt trauma injuries. They suggested that it could be used to replace the thick, heavy steel plates that are worn beneath Kevlar armour, thus improving mobility and comfort for the wearer.
The material is a composite which consists of a polymer and a combination of other materials engineered through a patented method developed in Singapore. It is said to be similar to a cornstarch solution, working based on the concept of shear thickening, meaning the material is soft and fluid at rest but becomes rigid upon impact. When moved gently, the molecular chains that hold the material together can ‘slide’ past one another, hence giving the material a soft consistency, which means the material will bend and flex smoothly under lightly applied force.
But when hit, the molecular chains do not have time to react properly and become entangled turning the material rock-solid. Similar shear thickening fluid-based materials technology involves encapsulating it within a foam matrix.
Dr Davy Cheong, a senior research engineer with IMRE and member of IMRE’s Science Outreach team, who co-invented the material with partners from NUS, Mr Phyo Khant and A/Prof Vincent Tan Beng Chye, said: “The idea for the new material came to us when we were demonstrating a popular cornstarch science experiment during our regular Science Outreach to the public to show the versatility of materials. The technology has huge potential in the protective body armour industry, particularly in the sports arena where blunt force trauma accounts for a significant portion of sports-related injuries.
“What we have here is a softer, more flexible padding that absorbs more impact but doesn’t hinder movement, which ultimately improves an athlete’s performance.”
The technology could be applied to a number of areas including body armour, sports protective equipment, surgical garments, and aerospace energy absorbent materials. IMRE is now looking for industry partners to help evaluate and scale-up the technology.
